• In 2025, 88 percent of all employees aged 18–68 were covered by a collective agreement. This proportion is unchanged compared to 2024, and measurements show that the collective agreement coverage rate has remained stable around this level in recent decades.
  • As all public sector employees are covered by a collective agreement, those not covered work exclusively in the private sector. In this sector, 83 percent of the employees were covered by a collective agreement in 2025. In total, approximately 545,000 employees were not covered by any collective agreement in 2025. Of these, around 205,000 were women and 345,000 were men.
  • Collective agreement coverage is highest in public administration, but it is also high in other industries in which a very large proportion of the employees work in the public sector. The coverage rate was just shy of 100 percent in the sectors “Education” and “Human health and social work activities”. Manufacturing also had a high coverage rate in 2025, with 96 percent of employees covered by a collective agreement.
  • In large companies, almost all employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Coverage rates then decline as company size decreases. In companies with fewer than ten employees, 44 percent of employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Approximately half of the roughly 545,000 employees who are not covered by collective bargaining agreements work in companies with fewer than ten employees.